Spot fouls award the appropriate player or team possession of the disc at the spot of the foul. If the spot foul is against the defense, the fouled offensive player is awarded possession. If the spot foul is against the offense, then it is a turnover, and the fouled defensive player is awarded possession in instances where there is a specific defensive player fouled.

Illegal Pass - Any illegal pass results in an immediate turnover at the spot of the result of the pass. It is an illegal pass if:

Pass Interference - Contact that affects an opponent’s ability to make a play on a disc in the air is pass interference.

Illegal Assistance - Players may not intentionally push off a teammate, physically assist a teammate, or use equipment (e.g., hats) in an effort to catch or block the disc.