Rules Analysis
If the player loses control of the disc due to subsequent contact with the ground or a team-mate or a legitimately positioned opposition player, the catch is deemed to have not occurred.
The following are out-of-bounds turnovers, and no catch is deemed to have occurred:
Note:
If an opponent believes an offensive player has caught the disc out-of-bounds they should make a call immediately by saying "Out-of-bounds" or "Out" for short. "Check feet" is a not a call and this call does not stop play.
If it is unclear if the player was out-of-bounds then play should stop as the players with best perspective discuss the call. Players may ask for perspective from people on the side-line, however it is still up to the players involved to make the final call.
If the call is contested the disc shall be returned to the previous thrower.
Extra:
For games played on unlined fields the receiver should be given the benefit of the doubt for close "Out-of-bounds" calls.
If offensive and defensive players catch the disc simultaneously, the offence retains possession.
A player in an established position is entitled to remain in that position and should not be contacted by an opposing player.
Every player is entitled to occupy any position on the field not occupied by any opposing player, provided that they do not initiate contact in taking such a position.
If a player does initiate contact in taking such a position, this is a Blocking foul (17.8). All players have a responsibility to avoid initiating contact, even if that means that they must pull out of making a play on the disc.
All players must attempt to avoid contact with other players, and there is no situation where a player may justify initiating contact. "Making a play for the disc" is not a valid excuse for initiating contact with other players.
A player can be deemed to be "making a play on the disc" (Rule 12.8) when the disc is in the air and they are attempting to make contact with the disc in anyway i.e. to catch it or block it. When making a play at a disc, players need to insure that they will not cause non incidental contact with another player (neither their stationary position, nor their expected position based on their established speed and direction), before, during or after the attempt at the disc. Non incidental contact is any contact that is either dangerous in nature or affects the outcome of a play, regardless of whether the contact occurred after possession was established. A breach affects the play if it is reasonable to assume that the outcome of the specific play may have been meaningfully different had the breach not occurred -- eg if the player would not have been able to intercept the pass without causing significant contact with their opponent, or the opponent would have been able to make a play at the disc had the player not caused contact with them. The relative skill, height and/or athletic ability, of the players involved should not typically be taken into account when considering if something affected the play or not. " Resting a hand on an opponent What A defender is resting a hand in their opponents back to enable them to know where their opponent is, even if they are not looking at them Result This is a violation. Why It is not necessarily a foul, but it is a violation of rule 12.8 that says "All players must attempt to avoid contact with other players, and there is no situation where a player may justify initiating contact".
Some incidental contact , not affecting the outcome of the play or safety of players, may occur as two or more players move towards a single point simultaneously. Incidental contact should be minimized but is not considered a foul.
What:
Two opposing players are moving towards the same point in order to make a play on the disc. They are both aware of each other and are aware that minor body contact may occur. Minor body contact does occur.
Result:
Even though contact has occurred, this is not necessarily a foul.
Why:
In circumstances where one player clearly initiates contact with another, the person who initiates the contact is the person who caused the foul (ie one player is stationary and another runs into them, or one player clearly has a right to a space and an opponent changes direction and impedes that space in an unavoidable way).
However there are times when both players have a right to a space and neither player can be deemed to have initiated contact. In these circumstances, if minor body contact occurs (ie players bump shoulders or hips) this is not necessarily deemed a foul, as both players were responsible for initiating the contact and both players were aware that contact may occur.
Extra:
These scenarios should only be taken into account when both players have initiated contact simultaneously. If one player clearly initiated the contact, that player has caused the foul.
If one player is not aware that contact is going to occur, the player who is aware that contact will occur should avoid the contact and call a Dangerous Play foul if appropriate.
Players involved in these incidents should be mindful that they often do not have the best perspective on who initiated the contact and should ask nearby players for their perspective.
No player may physically assist the movement of another player, nor use an item of equipment to assist in contacting the disc.
If an offense player physically assists the movement of another, or uses an item of equipment to assist in contacting the disc, this is a turnover -- see rules 13.2.6, 13.2.7, and 13.7.4. If a defender physically assists the movement of another, or uses an item of equipment to assist in contacting the disc (e.g. throwing a hat in the direction of the disc), this is a violation. The intended receiver should be awarded possession.