A foul is the result of physical contact between opposing players; a violation generally is any other infraction of the rules. When an infraction (a foul or violation) occurs:

The offending player loudly calls out the infraction (e.g., “Travel,” “Foul,” etc.).

A player called for an infraction may contest that call (by loudly calling “contest”), if that player believes that s/he did not commit the infraction.

After a call, play stops and players remain stationary until the parties involved have resolved the call.

If a call is not disputed, play resumes in a way simulating what most likely would have occurred without the infraction. E.g., 1) If a thrower was fouled while throwing and the pass was incomplete, the thrower gets the disc back with a new stall count, or 2) If a receiver is fouled on a reception attempt and the pass is incomplete, the receiver gets the disc at the point that the foul occurred.

If a call is disputed and the players cannot come to a resolution, the play is redone with each player returning to the position s/he occupied when the disputed infraction allegedly occurred.

Infractions include: